RISC OS Benchmarks
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| Machine: | TBA | Pine Pro | CM4 ∗ | Pi 400 | 4té² | Titanium | CM4 | Pi Zero 2 | ARMX6 | Panda | VRPC | Beagle | Pi 3 | Pi Zero | Pi 2 | Pi 1 | Iyonix | Risc PC |
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| Disc speed: | RAMFS | LanMan | ShareFS | SDFS | USB Pen | HDD | ||||||||||||
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Selected benchmarks are shown in the table below. Click on the buttons above to show or hide selected machines and/or features. Some 'real-world' taskshave been included to give an indication of overall performance.
| Machine/Test | Raspberry Pi 100 | Pinebook Pro 408/1800 MHz |
CM4 with eMMc overclock 600/2147MHz |
Raspberry Pi 600/1800MHz Model 400 |
Raspberry Pi 600/1800MHz 4té² |
Titanium 250/1500 MHz |
CM4 with eMMc and NVMeFS 600/2000 MHz |
Pi Zero 2W 600/1300 MHz |
ARMX6 324/1008 MHz |
Pandabd ES 350/1200 MHz |
Virtual Risc PC 3504MHz |
ARMini BBXM 1000MHz |
Raspberry Pi 600/1400MHz Model 3 B+ RC15+ |
Raspberry Pi 700/1000MHz Zero RC14+ |
Raspberry Pi 600/1000MHz Model B2 RC14+ |
Raspberry Pi 850MHz Model B1+ RC14+ |
Iyonix
600 MHz |
Risc PC | Notes |
| RAM (max speed MB/s) | 4GB 1600MHz LPDDR4 (25600) | 4GB 800MHz LPDDR4 (12800) | 4GB 1600MHz LPDDR4 (25600) | 4GB 1600MHz LPDDR4 (25600) | 4GB 1600MHz LPDDR4 (25600) | 2GB 533MHz DDR3 (8528) | 4GB 1600MHz LPDDR4 (25600) | 512MB 500MHz LPDDR2 (8000) | 2GB 528MHz DDR3 (8400) | 1GB 400MHz DDR2 (6400) | 16GB / 139MB | 512MB 166MHz DDR (1333) | 1 GB 500MHz LPDDR2 (8000) | 512 MB 450MHz LPDDR2 (7200) | 1GB 400MHz LPDDR2 (6400) | 512 MB 400MHz LPDDR2 (6400) | 512MB 200MHz DDR (3200) | 98MB 16MHz (64) | |
| Processor (equiv. RPC) |
2527% (5119MHz) |
2540% (5130MHz) |
3006% (5347MHz) |
2527% (5119MHz) |
2506% (5062MHz) |
2117% (4289MHz) |
2798% (4978MHz) |
1502% (3004MHz) |
1064% (2155MHz) |
1050% (2127MHz) |
437% (884MHz) |
578% (1171MHz) |
1615% (3230MHz) (683% = slow) |
392% (794MHz) (267% = slow) |
683% (1380MHz) (401% = slow) |
332% (672MHz) |
260% (526MHz) |
115% (233MHz) |
|
| Memory (equiv. RPC) |
35649% (5432MHz) |
32974% (5024MHz) |
42452% (6792MHz) |
35649% (5432MHz) |
35362% (5388MHz) |
21283% (3240MHz) |
39504% (6320MHz) |
22156% (3545MHz) |
4722% (720MHz) |
5612% (855MHz) |
6726% (1025MHz) |
1692% (258MHz) |
15170% (2465MHz) |
946% (145MHz) |
8850% (1350MHz) |
1391% (212MHz) |
161% (24MHz) |
105% (16MHz) |
Varies with |
| Rect Copy | 535% | 452% | 572% | 535% | 541% | 1619% | 567% | 599% | 158% | 878% | 1620% | 194% | 521% | 607% | 602% | 638% | 1178% | 52% | resolution |
| Icon Plotting | 2849% | 2042% | 2748% | 2849% | 2747% | 2401% | 3043% | 1587% | 1006% | 642% | 714% | 403% | 1681% | 817% | 1127% | 702% | 185% | 90% | 1920x1080C16M |
| Draw Path | 1005% | 728% | 1076% | 1005% | 999% | 785% | 868% | 569% | 359% | 425% | 404% | 243% | 580% | 619% | 473% | 537% | 94% | 99% | shown here |
| Draw Fill | 196% | 170% | 219% | 196% | 200% | 204% | 744% | 139% | 415% | 308% | 519% | 195% | 143% | 107% | 77% | 92% | 56% | 54% | |
| HD Read MB/s | 377.4 (12658%) | 275 (9247%) | 369.4 (12389%) | 377.4 (12658%) | 377.4 (12658%) | 165.4 (5547%) | 409.6 (13735%) | 146.0 (4095%) | 165 (5547%) | 265 (8887%) | 1281 (42975%) | 36.2 (1215%) | 143.1 (4800%) | 118.1 (3962%) | 126.0 (4226%) | 109.2 (3662%) | 14.8 (494%) | 20.5 (686%) | |
| HD Wr MB/s | 1305.8 (42941%) | 939 (30672%) | 1322 (43475%) | 1305.8 (42941%) | 1232 (40541%) | 462.3 (15202%) | 1232 (40541%) | 567.8 (18670%) | 159 (5230%) | 345 (11356%) | 1265 (41607%) | 146 (4800%) | 543.4 (17870%) | 110.2 (3626%) | 364.9 (12002%) | 102.4 (3367%) | 39.8 (1307%) | 20.5 (673%) | |
| FS Read kB/s | 4230 (2043%) | 4186 (2022%) | 4721 (2280%) | 4230 (2043%) | 4108 (1984%) | 3555 (1717%) | 4787 (2312%) | 6715 (3243%) | 7038 (3400%) | 8317 (4017%) | 7058 (3409%) | 3879 (1873%) | 7212 (3484%) | 4412 (2131%) | 5165 (2495%) | 3746 (1809%) | 2970 (1434%) | 1756 (848%) | RAMFS |
| FS Write kB/s | 4256 (2216%) | 4262 (2219%) | 4735 (2466%) | 4256 (2216%) | 3401 (1771%) | 3762 (1959%) | 4822 (2511%) | 6929 (3608%) | 7198 (3748%) | 8467 (4409%) | 7033 (3663%) | 4276 (2227%) | 7525 (3919%) | 4608 (2400%) | 5526 (2878%) | 3866 (2013%) | 3354 (1746%) | 1722 (896%) | 128Mb |
| HD Read MB/s | 41.3 (1385%) | 22.9 (770%) | 42.0 (1408%) | 41.3 (1385%) | 56.5 (1894%) | 2.1 (71%) | 40.1 (1846%) | - | 1.8 (63%) | 5.2 (174%) | 37.5 (1260%) | 2.3 (78%) | 23.4 (784%) | 8.1 (271%) | 10.1 (341%) | 9.5 (319%) | 8.5 (286%) | 0.8 (26%) | |
| HD Wr MB/s | 26.4 (868%) | 21.5 (708%) | 23.4 (769%) | 26.4 (868%) | 29.5 (970%) | 18.4 (607%) | 16.9 (557%) | - | 14.6 (481%) | 7.0 (230%) | 20.8 (684%) | 2.9 (96%) | 15.3 (503%) | 5.4 (179%) | 7.5 (247%) | 5.9 (195%) | 5.5 (180%) | 0.7 (22%) | Network |
| FS Read kB/s | 1591 (768%) | 1366 (659%) | 1660 (801%) | 1591 (768%) | 1960 (946%) | 1705 (823%) | 1648 (796%) | - | 1347 (650%) | 994 (480%) | 1568 (757%) | 50 (24%) | 1575 (760%) | 842 (406%) | 1094 (528%) | 744 (359%) | 657 (317%) | 101 (48%) | LanMan98 |
| FS Write kB/s | 687 (357%) | 659 (343%) | 688 (358%) | 687 (357%) | 760 (395%) | 1559 (811%) | 639 (332%) | - | 551 (286%) | 493 (256%) | 573 (298%) | 50 (26%) | 647 (336%) | 693 (360%) | 492 (256%) | 327 (170%) | 303 (157%) | 87 (45%) | & NAS |
| HD Read MB/s | 6.2 (208%) | 5.3 (179%) | - | 6.2 (208%) | 6.2 (208%) | 6.2 (208%) | - | - | 6.2 (209%) | 2.0 (69%) | fail | 2.0 (68%) | 6.1 (206%) | 5.7 (193%) | 5.4 (183%) | 5.0 (168%) | 2.4 (81%) | 0.6 (18%) | |
| HD Wr MB/s | 6.1 (201%) | 4.3 (141%) | - | 6.1 (201%) | 3.7 (122%) | 6.2 (204%) | - | - | 6.2 (205%) | 6.2 (205%) | fail | 3.0 (99%) | 6.1 (202%) | 5.3 (177%) | 6.0 (199%) | 5.5 (180%) | 2.8 (93%) | 0.6 (19%) | Network |
| FS Read kB/s | 101 (48%) | 101 (48%) | - | 101 (48%) | 101 (48%) | 101 (48%) | - | - | 101 (48%) | 101 (48%) | fail | 101 (48%) | 101 (48%) | 101 (48%) | 100 (48%) | 101 (48%) | 102 (49%) | 110 (53%) | ShareFS |
| FS Write kB/s | 101 (52%) | 101 (52%) | - | 101 (52%) | 101 (52%) | 101 (52%) | - | - | 101 (52%) | 101 (52%) | fail | 101 (52%) | 101 (52%) | 101 (52%) | 101 (52%) | 101 (52%) | 41 (21%) | 98 (51%) | |
| HD Read MB/s | 23.1 (777%) | 22.9 (770%) | 23.6 (792%) | 23.1 (777%) | 23.6 (792%) | 22.1 (742%) | 44.6 (1498%) | 23.4 (784%) | 13.7 (461%) | 21.9 (735%) | - | 17.4 (584%) | 23.1 (777%) | 21.3 (716%) | 15.7 (528%) | 21.9 (735%) | - | - | SDFS test |
| HD Wr MB/s | 10.1 (332%) | 19.8 (651%) | 22.5 (741%) | 10.1 (332%) | 14.6 (481%) | 11.6 (382%) | 38.3 (1258%) | 17.4 (569%) | 10.5 (345%) | 14.8 (489%) | - | 13.3 (438%) | 8.4 (277%) | 16.7 (549%) | 17.9 (589%) | 18.2 (598%) | - | - | using a 16 GB |
| FS Read kB/s | 853 (412%) | 972 (469%) | 1695 (817%) | 853 (412%) | 1069 (516%) | 1352 (653%) | 1790 (864%) | 1119 (540%) | 1241 (599%) | 1192 (575%) | - | 526 (254%) | 1024 (494%) | 525 (253%) | 601 (290%) | 675 (326%) | - | - | HCI class |
| FS Write kB/s | 374 (194%) | 162 (84%) | 720 (375%) | 374 (194%) | 159 (82%) | 447 (232%) | 714 (371%) | 383 (199%) | 442 (230%) | 449 (233%) | - | 308 (160%) | 325 (169%) | 295 (153%) | 325 (169%) | 335 (174%) | - | - | 10 µSD card |
| HD Read MB/s | 29.2 (981%) | 32.1 (1077%) | 36.2 (1215%) | 29.2 (981%) | 31.5 (1056%) | 27.3 (915%) | - | - | 18.6 (624%) | 17.8 (597%) | - | 11.6 (389%) | 24.8 (832%) | 20.3 (681%) | 18.6 (624%) | 20.8 (698%) | - | - | SCSI Pen |
| HD Wr MB/s | 11.5 (379%) | 14.3 (472%) | 14.0 (460%) | 11.5 (379%) | 31.2 (1026%) | 5.5 (182%) | - | - | 7.1 (236%) | 7.5 (249%) | - | 3.8 (125%) | 2.1 (69%) | 3.9 (129%) | 7.3 (240%) | 5.5 (180%) | - | - | drive 16GB |
| FS Read kB/s | 3691 (1783%) | 363 (175%) | 374 (180%) | 3691 (1783%) | 3708 (1791%) | 499 (241%) | - | - | 163 (78%) | 165 (79%) | - | 140 (67%) | 184 (88%) | 141 (68%) | 257 (124%) | 172 (83%) | - | - | DT R500 |
| FS Write kB/s | 2734 (1423%) | 111 (57%) | 113 (58%) | 2734 (1423%) | 3531 (1839%) | 108 (56%) | - | - | 78 (40%) | 79 (41%) | - | 72 (37%) | 79 (41%) | 78 (40%) | 89 (46%) | 79 (41%) | - | - | USB pen drive |
| HD Read MB/s | 31.5 (1056%) | 22.9 (770%) | 365 (12239%) | 31.5 (1056%) | 34.7 (1164%) | 129 (4351%) | 361 (12119%) | 29.0 (972%) | 79.5 (2667%) | 21.9 (735%) | 618 (20738%) | 15.9 (533%) | 23.1 (777%) | 22.7 (763%) | 15.7 (528%) | 22.1 (742%) | 23 (774%) | 1.8 (59%) | |
| HD Wr MB/s | 29.5 (970%) | 21.5 (708%) | 324 (10668%) | 29.5 (970%) | 38.2 (1258%) | 120 (3961%) | 361 (11884%) | 36.6 (1202%) | 91.0 (2993%) | 7.3 (240%) | 632 (20803%) | 13.7 (453%) | 8.4 (277%) | 21.0 (690%) | 5.5 (180%) | 10.9 (359%) | 12 (396%) | 1.7 (54%) | Hard disc |
| FS Read kB/s | 356 (171%) | 1366 (659%) | 4643 (2242%) | 356 (171%) | 507 (244%) | 2530 (1222%) | 4512 (2179%) | 323 (156%) | 1982 (957%) | 913 (441%) | 6338 (3061%) | 472 (228%) | 1024 (494%) | 671 (324%) | 415 (200%) | 482 (232%) | 1485 (717%) | 789 (381%) | |
| FS Write kB/s | 352 (183%) | 659 (343%) | 4761 (2479%) | 352 (183%) | 495 (257%) | 2573 (1340%) | 4618 (2405%) | 325 (169%) | 1809 (942%) | 134 (69%) | 2851 (1484%) | 219 (114%) | 325 (169%) | 397 (206%) | 148 (77%) | 83 (43%) | 317 (165%) | 102 (53%) | |
| Machine/Test | Raspberry Pi 600/1800 MHz Model 400 |
Pinebook Pro 408/1800 MHz | CM4 with eMMc 600/2147 MHz |
Raspberry Pi 600/1800 MHz Model 400 |
Raspberry Pi 600/1800MHz 4té² |
Titanium 250/1500 MHz | CM4 with eMMc and NVMeFS 600/2000 MHz |
Pi Zero 2W 600/1300 MHz | ARMX6 324/1008 MHz |
Pandabd ES 350/1200 MHz |
Virtual Risc PC 3504MHz |
ARMini BBXM 1000MHz |
Raspberry Pi 600/1400MHz Model 3 B+ RC15+ |
Raspberry Pi 700/1000MHz Zero RC14+ |
Raspberry Pi 600/1000MHz Model B2 RC14+ |
Raspberry Pi 850MHz Model B1+ RC14+ |
Iyonix
600 MHz |
Risc PC | Notes |
| Cold boot time | 19s | 14s | 27s | 19s | 25s | 13s | 27s (22s static IP) | 12s | 15s | 35s | 26s | 48s | 14s | 11s | 18s | 16s | 39s | 44s | Start up time |
| !CountDn calc. time | 8cs | 8cs | 7cs | 8cs | 8cs | 13cs | 7cs | 15cs | 17cs | 15cs | 23cs | 21cs | 14cs | 26cs | 23cs | 30cs | 40cs | 101cs | Memory plus processor |
| ROM unpack (with RAMfs) |
5m32s (17s) |
2m16s (22s) |
47s (15s) |
5m32s (17s) |
2m23s (19s) |
42s (24s) |
32s (18s) |
- - |
92s (49s) |
348s (41s) |
75s | 183s | 396s (27s) | 320s | 862s (71s) |
1062s | 311s | 1440s | Overall performance |
| ROM compile (with RAMfs) |
9m39s (3m50s) |
7m1s (4m9s) |
4m1s (2m39s) |
9m39s (3m50s) |
7m36s (3m43s) |
5m26s (3m38s) |
3m14s (2m46s) |
- - |
8m32s (7m37s) |
14min (5 min) |
14min | 22min | 10m54s (4m50s) | 18min12s ** | 22min (8m23s) |
29min | 37min | - | Overall performance |
| Rendering the ArtWorks Apple | 639% | 563% | 708% | 639% | 647% | 528% | 1709% | 432% | 916% | 682% | 758% | 463% | 449% | 300% | 233% | 264% | - | 100% | Overall performance |
| RISC OS | 5.29 5 Nov 2020 |
5.29 20 Nov 2022 |
5.31 28 Jul 2024 |
5.29 5 Nov 2020 |
5.29 1 Jun 2022 |
5.28 19 Oct 2020 |
5.30 15 May 2024 |
5.29 4 Nov 2021 |
5.23 10 Jan 2016 |
5.22 8 Apr 2015 |
4.39 28 Apr 2004 |
5.20 10 Jun 2013 |
5.23 27 Mar 2018 | 5.23 29 Mar 2016 |
5.23 29 Mar 2016 |
5.23 20 Dec 2015 |
5.16 18 Jan 2010 |
4.02 10 Aug 1999 |
|
| Screen res. | 1920x1080 | 1920x1080 | 1920x1080 | 1920x1080 | 2560x1080 | 1920x1200 | 1920x1080 | 1920x1200 | 3440x1440 | 1920x1080 | 2560x1440 | 1920x1080 | 1920x1200 | 1920x1080 | 1920x1080 | 1920x1080 | 1440x900 | 1024x768 | |
| Screen colours | 16M | 16M | 16M | 16M | 16M | 16M | 16M | 16M | 16M | 16M | 16M | 16M | 16M | 16M | 16M | 16M | 16M | 32k | |
| Hard disc | 128GB SanDisk SSD via SATA/USB 6GB/s |
64GB eMMc | 250GB Crucial MX200 SATA SSD 32k LFAU 4k sectors | 128GB SanDisk SSD via SATA/USB 6GB/s |
128GB Crucial BX100 SSD via SATA/USB 6GB/s |
250GB Crucial MX200 SSD (500MB/s) | 1TB Sabrent NVMe SSD (4k sectors, 32k LFAU) via M.2 socket on Waveshare IO board | 128Gb SanDisk SSD via SATA/USB | 250Gb Crucial MX200 SSD (500MB/s) | 32Gb Sandisk class 10 (45MB/s) SD card |
500Gb M2.SSD HDD | FAT32fs 96G SSD | 8GB Samsung class 10 | 16Gb Samsung class 10 µSD card 90MB/s |
8Gb Sandisk class 10 µSD card |
8Gb Sandisk class 10 µSD card |
112G PATA DMA HDD | 8G HDD |
Benchmarks showing Pi400, 4té²,Titanium, Compute Module 4, Zero 2W, ARMX6, Pandaboard ES, Beagleboard XM, Raspberry Pi models A+, B+, 2 B and 3 B+, Iyonix and Virtual Risc PC are shown in the table above. Although the benchmarks are expressed in percentages (where 100%=SA202 RiscPC running RISC OS 4.02), actual performance figures for a Risc PC are also shown to allow more direct comparision. Note also that the 'disc' speeds (quoted in Mbyte/s for HD read/write [based on loading/saving an 8Mbyte file as many times as can be done in one second] and quoted in kbyte/s for FS read/write [based on BPut/BGet operations for one second]) are compared to 100% on Risc PC when the Risc PC is accessing its hard disc. To allow comparison with Risc PC when using the same medium, speeds for Risc PC are also quoted. The ROMark programme used to generate the benchmarks is available here.
These benchmarks have been updated and some 'real-world' tasks included to give an indication of overall performance. A 'mixed memory and processor' test has been added - this uses the application !CountDn to calculate the 24 million possible arrangements of the 2, 3, 5, 7, 50 and 75 tiles using all possible combinations of arithmetic operator - for those that like exact figures, it is 24,694,290 [= 2C6 × 6 × (1 + 2C5 × 6 × (1 + 2C4 × 6 × (1 + 2C3 × 6 × (1 + 2C2 × 6)))) ] - the time taken is given in centi-seconds and allows a comparison characterising computational tasks that make few disc accesses.
An 'overall performance' test has been added (this unpacks the ROM source and compiles it, based on the BCM2835 rom image) - the time taken is given for each. This allows more disc-intensive computational tasks to be compared. The fastest time so far is on the overclocked Compute Module 4 using a 500Mbyte RAMFS drive: unpacking takes 18s and compiling takes 2min46sec.
The disc speed tests now also now include a test of RAMFS speed and use an 8Mbyte file for load and save (HD read and HD write) to make sure it is larger than the cache. Disc speed in 'real-world' applications is correlated much more strongly with FS read/write (BPUT & BGET) than with HD read/write (LOAD & SAVE).
Most of the benchmarks quoted are for the latest (2022) hardware and software. The ARMini/Beagleboard XM (2013), Iyonix (2010) and Risc PC (1999) are exceptions as although these are recent tests, they use hardware/software from the date stated. For Virtual Risc PC the machine is an Intel i5-3470 processor running at 3.2GHz fitted with a fast Samsung 500GB SSD running Windows 7 Home Premium SP1 4GB using Virtual Risc PC Adjust version 1.6 - i.e. 2015 hardware and software so that the year quoted (2004) is a little misleading in this case!
Benchmarks which test a single machine parameter such as 'processor' can be misleading. For example on VRPC that would just test the efficiency of the JIT compiler for the particular machine code instructions concerned whereas on native hardware it reflects the processor speed directly. I have therefore added another 'real world' performance indicator which is the rendering of the ArtWorks Apple, which the Risc PC can do 9.06 times a second at 32k colours(a little faster at 256 colours). This is 100% in the 'draw render' test added below. On real world tests, therefore, native ARM hardware is now definitely faster than emulated hardware such as VRPC.
Benchmarks for Pandaboard ES running at 1500MHz have been withdrawn due to the unstability/limited lifetime of that platform at that speed.
Benchmarks for the Elesar Titanium board, which uses the TI AM5728, have also been added. Benchmarks for the Raspberry Pi 4 have been added.
Benchmarks for the Pi model Zero using a USB hub and an AX8872B-based USB to Ethernet dongle (which requires EtherUSB 0.35 20-Dec-2015 or later) with RC14 but with the latest (Nov 2015) firmware, the necessary instructions for the Zero to run at its rated cpu speed of 1000MHz and the latest (20 Dec 2015) ROM have also been added (and are almost identical to timings with a model A+ - note ** - including ZeroPain logging reports for the DDE (!!) ).
Benchmarks for the Pi model 3 B+, which requires an updated ROM to include ARMv8 changes (RC15 can be updated from here using Update9H), with the latest (27 Mar 2018) firmware, and the latest (27-Mar-2018) ROM (BCMVideo reverted to 0.48) have also been added. All test software now runs on the model 3 B+, including DDE28b and !UnTarBZ2 version 1.09.
The sharefs test on the Titanium has been repeated: previously sharefswindow was 2 both on Titanium and on the ARMX6 target machine. Changing this to 1 both ends improved HD write speed from 0.016 to 6.2 MB/s, i.e. a 400-fold increase!
Benchmarks are quoted for 'hard disc' performance - in some cases this is SD card, for some it is SATA SSD, for some it is a SCSIFS pen drive and for some a PATA hard disc with DMA: in each case the nature of the hard disc is quoted. To give a comparison on equal terms, I have also quoted SDFS and SCSI pen drive speeds for a Sandisk fast HCI class 10 SD card (not all class 10 cards are equal - this card is faster than a 90MB/s Samsung card as some are optimised for sequential writes only) and for a Kingston 16GB SCSI pen drive, using the same device on all platforms.